Skip to main content

Posts

SOAP MANUFACTURING BY HOT PROCESS

SOAP MANUFACTURING BY HOT PROCESS You are invited to read my previous article " HOW TO MAKE SOAP BY COLD PROCESS" before they proceed with this. That widely described the raw materials for soap making which is common for both processes. The basic differences between cold and hot soap-making processes are,  In the cold process, it uses its own heat to generate the saponification process while in the hot process you have to provide an external heat source to complete the saponification process before the soap mixture pours into the mold. The main advantage of the hot processed soap is lower cure time compared with the cold process, many soaps can be used the following day. It means that the full saponification process takes place during the cooking.  Equipment needed for hot process A crock pot 02 large containers or buckets, made from plastics or glass to measure lye Plastics cups Weighing scale Spatulas(wooden or rubber) Safety goggles An apron Gloves Molds Oil papers Well ve...
Post a Comment
Read more
Recent posts

HOW TO MAKE SOAP BY COLD PROCESS

 HOW TO MAKE SOAP BY COLD PROCESS What is soap? Soap is a consumer good that we need to maintain good hygiene daily. The history of soap is extended to 2200 BC. Soap helps to prevent the spreading of diseases, and clean the clothes and goods. During the Covid-19 virus, soap did a tremendous job against spreading it.  The major constituents of soap are oil, alkali(base), and water.Apart from that, there are several miscellaneous ingredients that are added to the soap mixture to obtain scent, color, and texture. Soap act as a cleaning agent. It comes to the market with different physical natures such as cubes, bars, powders, and liquids. Manufacturing of soap is done by using 02 processes. Namely Cold Process Hot Process In this blog article, we are discussing the cold process. The basic soap recipe for the cold process is to produce 4kg of laundry soap Oil or fat          -     2.75kg Alkali/Base     -     370g Water  ...
Post a Comment
Read more

RECYCLING OF TIRE RUBBER

  RECYCLING OF TIRE RUBBER In 1840, Charles Goodyear invented the process "Vulcanization" to convert soft natural rubber into a hardened form by the formation of cross-links in between rubber molecules, bridged by Sulphur atoms. Simply Vulcanization can be defined as the "heating of rubber with sulfur" which is an irreversible process and is predominantly used to produce automobile tires. The global consumption of natural rubber for the tire industry is 76% of all the natural rubber produced globally. According to the year 2019 statistics, over 3 billion tires are manufactured annually, worldwide. The tire is a composite product of natural rubber, polymer derived from non-renewable petroleum products, various chemicals, steel, and fabrics and is designed for use in a single generation. Once the tire is worn out, it becomes an industrial waste. There are serious concerns about the disposal of used tires in the environment such as possible fire hazards(tire fires), in...
Post a Comment
Read more
  SILICONE RUBBER Silicone rubber is an elastomer composed of Silicone. They are thermosetting polymers. The elastomer does not possess a Carbon backbone like in other organic rubbers. The rubbers are chemically polysiloxane of the general formula. Where R is methyl, phenyl, vinyl or trifluroprofyl Manufacturing methods of Silicone rubber 02 techniques have been used to manufacture Silicone rubbers Hydrolysis of the appropriate dichlorosilanes to form cyclic tetrasiloxanes Conversion of cyclotetracysiloxanes to long-chain siloxanes, in the presence of the suitable catalyst Silicone rubbers are available in the market in the form of solid or liquid.The solid form molecular weight is high and composed of long polymer chains. The solid Silicone rubbers are processed by the conventional method of the industry and the liquid form is vulcanizing at room temperature.The liquid Silicone rubber is composed of shorter chains, therefore the molecular weight is low. Liquid Silicone rubber has ...
Post a Comment
Read more

NITRILE RUBBER

  NITRILE RUBBER Nitrile rubber is a synthetic polymer. It is produced by a combination of two copolymers, acrylonitrile and butadiene molecules. It is also known as Buna-N or NBR(Nitrile Butadiene Rubber). The Acrylonitrile content of the rubber contains between 15%-40% which determines its properties of the rubber. Nitrile rubber is prepared by either a hot or cold polymerization process using water as the medium. Properties of NBR The significant property of NBR is its excellent resistance to oils and aromatic solvents. The amount of oil resistance is determined by the percentage of acrylonitrile content. The higher the acrylonitrile content, the better the oil resistance As Acrylonitrile content increases, increase the mechanical properties and less permeable to gases.  With reduced Acrylonitrile content, NBR is more flexible at lower temperatures. NBR exhibits excellent abrasion resistance, resistance to cut, tearing and compression set characteristics NBR maintains its r...
Post a Comment
Read more

STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER

  STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER-SBR   SBR is a general-purpose synthetic rubber, produced by emulsion polymerization using copolymers Styrene and Butadiene. If the emulsion polymerization is done at a low temperature like 5°C, then the produced polymer is called cold SBR, while if the polymerization takes place at an elevated temperature around 50°C is referred to as hot SBR. Atypical recipe for cold emulsion SBR polymerization at 5°C Ingredient                                                                 Parts by weight                              Function Butadiene                                    ...
Post a Comment
Read more

RUBBER AS A MATERIAL IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

RUBBER AS A MATERIAL IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY Rubber is a necessary material as an element for automobiles, because of its inherent characteristics possess it. Robber possesses original characteristics such as big transformation and restoration, which other engineering materials do not have. Most of the rubber produced worldwide is consumed for making automotive rubber products. If you are considered a modern automobile, it contains more than two hundred different parts are wholly or in considerable parts are made with rubbers. Including tires and tubes, the average rubber component weight per car is about 65kg. From the simplest two-wheeler to the aerospace shuttle, the types of automobile rubber components used are between 4500-5000. WHY RUBBER IS USED FOR AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS The answer is rubber's salient characteristics which are inherent to it. Mechanical strength of rubbers Abrasion resistance  Chemical and petroleum oil resistance Hot and cold temperature sustainability ...
Post a Comment
Read more